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「根」

受賞作ドットジェイピー

キャンプのあやしいルール真相解明画像
キャンプのあやしいルール真相解明
(ISBN: 9784866733074)
¥1,540
在庫あり
三才ブックス
山口健壱

受賞一覧

1992

第25回日本詩人クラブ賞

Wikipedia情報

根 (ね、root) は、葉や茎とともに、維管束植物 (広義のシダ植物と種子植物) の体を構成する器官の1つである。ふつう地中にあって植物体を基質に固定し、地上部を支えるとともに (図A)、水や無機養分を吸収する役割を担っている (→#根の機能)。 根は先端成長を行い (基本的に先端部だけで細胞分裂を行う)、それを司る根端分裂組織は根冠とよばれる保護構造で覆われている (→#根端)。根は外側から表皮、皮層、中心柱からなり、先端付近の表皮からは根毛とよばれる細長い突起が生じ、吸水面積を広げ、根を土壌に密着させる (図B) (→#内部構造)。中心柱内には吸収した水や無機栄養分を茎や葉に運ぶ木部と葉からの光合成産物が通る師部が放射状に配置しており (放射中心柱)、中心柱は外部との物質連絡を調節する内皮で囲まれている。多くの維管束植物では、内部で形成された新たな根が外側を突き破って伸びることで内生的に側方分枝するが (図C)、小葉植物では外生的に二又分枝する (→#分枝)。胚の時期 (種子の中など) に形成された幼根に由来する根を定根、二次的に茎から生じたものなどそれ以外の根を不定根とよぶ (→#定根と不定根)。木本植物 (木) では、茎と同様に根も維管束形成層による二次成長を行う (→#一次成長と二次成長)。 根はふつう地中にあるが、地上部にあって呼吸や支持、付着、光合成など特殊な機能を担っていることがある (→#さまざまな根)。根はふつう菌根菌と共生して菌根を形成しており、マツタケやトリュフは菌根菌の例である (→#他生物と共生した根)。窒素固定を行う細菌が根に共生している例もある (シロツメクサなど)。また寄生植物は、根を使って他の植物に寄生している。根の中には、食用 (ダイコン、サツマイモ、ニンジンなど) や薬用 (高麗人参やハシリドコロなど) とされるものがある (→#人間との関わり)。 上記のように根は基本的に維管束植物の器官を意味するが、コケ植物や藻類、固着動物など他の生物群がもつ類似の構造を便宜的に根とよぶこともある。以下では維管束植物の器官である根について解説する。